Irritability Without Elation in a Large Bipolar Youth Sample: Frequency and Clinical Description

Drs. Hunt, Dyl, Esposito-Smythers, Swenson, Stout, and Keller are with the Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University; Drs. Birmaher, Axelson, Ryan, Goldstein, and Goldstein, and Ms. Yang and Gill are with the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center; and Dr. Strober is with the David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles. Dr. Leonard, now deceased, was with Brown University

Accepted 11 March 2009.

Disclosure: Dr. Keller has consulted for or received honoraria from Abbott, CENEREX, Cephalon, Cypress Bioscience, Cyberonics, Forest Laboratories, Janssen, JDS, Medtronic, Organon, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche, Solvay, and Wyeth. He has received research grants from Pfizer. He has served on the advisory boards of Abbott Laboratories, Bristol-Myers Squibb, CENEREX, Cyberonics, Cypress Bioscience, Forest Laboratories, Janssen, Neuronetics, Novartis, Organon, and Pfizer. Dr. Birmaher receives research funding from the National Institute of Mental Health. He participated in the NeuroPsychiatric Regional Roundtable on Patient Compliance/Adherance & Substance Abuse sponsored by Solvay Pharmaceuticals and the Recent Developments in the Treatment of Bipolar Disorder: A Content Development Meeting for Psychiatrics sponsored by Abcomm. He spoke on the topic of bipolar disorders in children at an event sponsored by Solvay, for which payment was given to the WPIC Residency Training Program. He receives royalties from Random House. The other authors report no conflicts of interest.

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