Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry
Volume 48, Issue 11 , Pages 1094-1101 , November 2009

Genetic Overlap Between Measures of Hyperactivity/Inattention and Mood in Children and Adolescents

,Accepted 9 July 2009.

References 

  1. McGough JJ , Smalley SL , McCracken JT , et al.   Psychiatric comorbidity in adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: findings from multiplex families . Am J Psychiatry . 2005;162:1621–1627
  2. Wilens TE , Biederman J , Brown S , et al.   Psychiatric comorbidity and functioning in clinically referred preschool children and school-age youths with ADHD . J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry . 2002;41:262–268
  3. Faraone SV , Biederman J . Do attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and major depression share familial risk factors? . J Nerv Ment Dis . 1997;185:533–541
  4. Angold A , Costello EJ , Erkanli A . Comorbidity . J Child Psychol Psychiatry . 1999;40:57–87
  5. Smalley SL , McGough JJ , Moilanen IK , et al.   Prevalence and psychiatric comorbidity of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in an adolescent Finnish population . J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry . 2007;46:1575–1583
  6. Biederman J , Ball SW , Monuteaux MC , et al.   New insights into the comorbidity between ADHD and major depression in adolescent and young adult females . J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry . 2008;47:426–434
  7. Daviss WB . A review of co-morbid depression in pediatric ADHD: etiology, phenomenology, and treatment . J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol . 2008;18:565–571
  8. Milberger S , Biederman J , Faraone SV , Murphy J , Tsuang MT . Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and comorbid disorders: issues of overlapping symptoms . Am J Psychiatry . 1995;152:1793–1799
  9. Biederman J , Mick E , Faraone SV . Depression in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) children: “true” depression or demoralization? . J Affect Disord . 1998;47:113–122
  10. Waxmonsky J . Assessment and treatment of attention deficit hyper-activity disorder in children with comorbid psychiatric illness . Curr Opin Pediatr . 2003;15:476–482
  11. Thapar A , Harrington R , Ross K , McGuffin P . Does the definition of ADHD affect heritability? . J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry . 2000;39:1528–1536
  12. Todd RD . Genetics of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder: are we ready for molecular genetic studies? . Am J Med Genet . 2000;96:241–243
  13. Thapar A , McGuffin P . A twin study of depressive symptoms in childhood . Br J Psychiatry . 1994;165:259–265
  14. Rice F , Harold GT , Thapar A . Assessing the effects of age, sex and shared environment on the genetic aetiology of depression in childhood and adolescence . J Child Psychol Psychiatry . 2002;43:1039–1051
  15. Spatola CA , Fagnani C , Pesenti-Gritti P , Ogliari A , Stazi MA , Battaglia M . A general population twin study of the CBCL/6–18 DSM-oriented scales . J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry . 2007;46:619–627
  16. Scourfield J , Martin N , Lewis G , McGuffin P . Heritability of social cognitive skills in children and adolescents . Br J Psychiatry . 1999;175:559–564
  17. Scourfield J , John B , Martin N , McGuffin P . The development of pro-social behaviour in children and adolescents: a twin study . J Child Psychol Psychiatry . 2004;45:927–935
  18. Cohen DJ , Dibble E , Grawe JM , Pollin W . Reliably separating identical from fraternal twins . Arch Gen Psychiatry . 1975;32:1371–1375
  19. Nichols RC , Bilbro WC . The diagnosis of twin zygosity . Acta Genet Stat Med . 1966;16:265–275
  20. Conners CK , Barkley RA . Rating scales and checklists for child psycho-pharmacology . Psychopharmacol Bull . 1985;21:809–843
  21. Angold A , Costello EJ , Messer SC , Pickles A , Winder F , Silver D . The development of a short questionnaire for use in epidemiological studies of depression in children and adolescents . Int J Methods Psychiatr Res . 1995;5:237–249
  22. Costello EJ , Angold A . Scales to assess child and adolescent depression: checklists, screens, and nets . J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry . 1988;27:726–737
  23. Katon W , Russo J , Richardson L , McCauley E , Lozano P . Anxiety and depression screening for youth in a primary care population . Ambul Pediatr . 2008;8:182–188
  24. Kuo ES , Stoep AV , Stewart DG . Using the short mood and feelings questionnaire to detect depression in detained adolescents . Assessment . 2005;12:374–383
  25. Daviss WB , Birmaher B , Melhem NA , Axelson DA , Michaels SM , Brent DA . Criterion validity of the Mood and Feelings Questionnaire for depressive episodes in clinic and non-clinic subjects . J Child Psychol Psychiatry . 2006;47:927–934
  26. Kumar G , Steer RA . Factorial validity of the Conners' Parent Rating Scale-revised: short form with psychiatric outpatients . J Pers Assess . 2003;80:252–259
  27. Conners CK , Sitarenios G , Parker JD , Epstein JN . The revised Conners' Parent Rating Scale (CPRS-R): factor structure, reliability, and criterion validity . J Abnorm Child Psychol . 1998;26:257–268
  28. Neale MC , Cardon LR . Methodology for Genetic Studies of Twins and Families . Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic; 1992;
  29. Townsend P , Phillimore P , Beattie A . Health and Deprivation: Inequality and the North . London: Croom Helm; 1988;
  30. Scourfield J , Martin N , Eley TC , McGuffin P . The genetic relationship between social cognition and conduct problems . Behav Genet . 2004;34:377–383
  31. Martin NC . A Twin Study of the Genetics of Childhood Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and its Comorbidity with Conduct Disorder, in Department of Psychological Medicine . Cardiff: University of Wales, College of Medicine; 1999;
  32. Sullivan PF , Neale MC , Kendler KS . Genetic epidemiology of major depression: review and meta-analysis . Am J Psychiatry . 2000;157:1552–1562
  33. Rohde P , Clarke GN , Lewinsohn PM , Seeley JR , Kaufman NK . Impact of comorbidity on a cognitive-behavioral group treatment for adolescent depression . J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry . 2001;40:795–802
  34. Blackman GL , Ostrander R , Herman KC . Children with ADHD and depression: a multisource, multimethod assessment of clinical, social, and academic functioning . J Atten Disord . 2005;8:195–207
  35. Fishman PA , Stang PE , Hogue SL . Impact of comorbid attention deficit disorder on the direct medical costs of treating adults with depression in managed care . J Clin Psychiatry . 2007;68:248–253
  36. Kim JW , Biederman J , Arbeitman L , et al.   Investigation of variation in SNAP-25 and ADHD and relationship to co-morbid major depressive disorder . Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet . 2007;144B:781–790
  37. Tsai SJ , Cheng CY , Yu YW , Chen TJ , Hong CJ . Association study of a brain-derived neurotrophic-factor genetic polymorphism and major depressive disorders, symptomatology, and antidepressant response . Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet . 2003;123:19–22
  38. Sen S , Nesse RM , Stoltenberg SF , et al.   A BDNF coding variant is associated with the NEO personality inventory domain neuroticism, a risk factor for depression . Neuropsychopharmacology . 2003;28:397–401
  39. Tsai SJ . Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder may be associated with decreased central brain-derived neurotrophic factor activity: clinical and therapeutic implications . Med Hypotheses . 2007;68:896–899
  40. Saudino KJ , Ronald A , Plomin R . The etiology of behavior problems in 7-year-old twins: substantial genetic influence and negligible shared environmental influence for parent ratings and ratings by same and different teachers . J Abnorm Child Psychol . 2005;33:113–130
  41. Thapar A , Holmes J , Poulton K , Harrington R . Genetic basis of attention deficit and hyperactivity . Br J Psychiatry . 1999;174:105–111
  42. Volk HE , Neuman RJ , Todd RD . A systematic evaluation of ADHD and comorbid psychopathology in a population-based twin sample . JAm Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry . 2005;44:768–775
  43. Roy MA , Neale MC , Pedersen NL , Mathe AA , Kendler KS . A twin study of generalized anxiety disorder and major depression . Psychol Med . 1995;25:1037–1049
  44. Koenen KC , Fu Q J , Ertel K , et al.   Common genetic liability to major depression and posttraumatic stress disorder in men . J Affect Disord . 2008;105:109–115
  45. Martin NC , Scourfield J , McGuffin P . Observer effects and heritability of childhood attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms . Br J Psychiatry . 2002;180:260–265

 The study was supported by a Medical Research Council studentship to J.C. and Economic and Social Research Council studentship to H.A.B.This article is the subject of an editorial by Dr. Anita Thapar in this issue.

PII: S0890-8567(09)60257-4

doi: 10.1097/CHI.0b013e3181b7666e

Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry
Volume 48, Issue 11 , Pages 1094-1101 , November 2009

Article Tools

* Image Usage & Resolution