Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry
Volume 46, Issue 6 , Pages 701-710 , June 2007

Sex Differences in the Response of Children With ADHD to Once-Daily Formulations of Methylphenidate

,Accepted 11 January 2007.

REFERENCES 

  1. American Psychiatric Association . Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition (DSM-IV). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press; 1994;
  2. Andersen SL, Teicher MH. Sex differences in dopamine receptors and their relevance to ADHD. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2000;24:137–141
  3. Arnsten AFT, Dudley G. Methylphenidate improves prefrontal cortical cognitive function through $$$2 adrenoceptor and DA D1 receptor actions: relevance to therapeutic effects in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Behav Brain Function. 2005;1:2
  4. Bawden D. Predicting methylphenidate response with neurometric testing: case studies. In:  Koziol LF,  Stout CE,  Ruben DH editor. Handbook of Childhood Impulse Disorders and ADHD: Theory & Practice. Springfield, IL: Charles C Thomas; 1993;p. 60–77
  5. Bhatt SD, Dluzen DE. Dopamine transporter function differences between male and female CD-1 mice. Brain Res. 2005;1035:188–195
  6. Biederman J, Faraone SV. Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Lancet. 2005;366:237–248
  7. Bobb AJ, Addington AM, Sidransky E, et al. Support for association between ADHD and two candidate genes: NET1 and DRD1. Am J Med Genet B. 2005;134B:67072
  8. Cheon KA, Ryu YH, Kim JW, Cho DY. The homozygosity for 10-repeat in allele at dopamine transporter gene and dopamine transporter density in Korean children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: relating to treatment response to methylphenidate. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 2005;15:95–101
  9. Federici M, Geracitano R, Bernardi G, Mercuri NB. Actions of methylphenidate on dopaminergic neurons of the ventral midbrain. Biol Psychiatry. 2005;57:361–365
  10. Focalin XR (dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride) Prescribing Information. Available at: http://www.pharma.us.novartis.com/product/pi/pdf/focalinXR_PPI.pdf. Accessed February 1, 2007
  11. Gaub M, Carlson CL. Gender differences in ADHD: a meta-analysis and critical review. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 1997;36:1036–1045
  12. Ghandi M, Aweeka F, Greenblatt RM, Blaschke TF. Sex differences in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol. 2004;44:499–523
  13. Gomez R, Harvey J, Quick C, Scharer I, Harris G. DSM-IV AD/HD:confirmatory factor models, prevalence, and gender and age differences based on parent and teacher ratings of Australian primary school children. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 1999;40:265–274
  14. Gonzalez MA, Pentikis HS, Anderl N, Benedict MF, DeCory HH, Dirksen SJ, et al. Methylphenidate bioavailability from two extended-release formulations. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2002;40:175–184
  15. Gray JR, Kagan J. The challenge of predicting which children with ADHD will respond positively to methylphenidate. J Appl Dev Psychol. 2000;21:471–489
  16. Greenhill L, Kollins S, Abikoff H, et al. Efficacy and safety of immediate-release methylphenidate treatment for preschoolers with ADHD. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2006;45:1284–1293
  17. Hazell P, Lewin T, Sly K. What is a clinically important level of improvement in symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder?. Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 2005;39:354–358
  18. Hu M, Crombag HS, Robinson TE, Becker JB. Biological basis of sex differences in the propensity to self-administer cocaine. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2004;29:81–85
  19. Krause KH, Krause J, Dresel SH, LaFougere C, Ackenheil M. Response to methylphenidate in adult ADHD patients depends on striatal dopamine transporter density. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 2004;14:S389–S390
  20. Lavalaye J, Linszen DH, Booij J, et al. Dopamine transporter density in young patients with schizophrenia assessed with [(123)] FP-CIT SPECT. Schizophr Res. 2001;47:59–67
  21. Maniadaki K, Sonuga-Barke EJS, Kakouros E. Trainee nursery teachers' perceptions of disruptive behaviour disorders; the effect of sex of child on judgements of typicality and severity. Child Care Health Dev. 2003;29:433–440
  22. Markowitz JS, DeVane LC, Pestreich LK, Patrick KS, Muniz RA. Comprehensive in vitro screening of d-, l- and dl-threo-methylphenidate: an exploratory study. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol. 2006;16:687–698
  23. Markowitz JS, Straughn AB, Patrick KS. Advances in the pharmacotherapy of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: focus on methylphenidate formulations. Pharmacotherapy. 2003;23:1281–1299
  24. Modi NB, Wang B, Noveck RJ, Gupta SK. Dose-proportional and stereospecific pharmacokinetics of methylphenidate delivered using an osmotic, controlled-release oral delivery system. J Clin Pharmacol. 2000;40:1141–1149
  25. Mozley LH, Gur RC, Mozley PD, Gur RE. Striatal dopamine transporters and cognitive functioning in healthy men and women. Am J Psychiatry. 2001;158:1492–1499
  26. MTA Cooperative Group . Moderators and mediators of treatment response for children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder-the Multimodal Treatment Study of Children With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1999;56:1088–1096
  27. Owens EB, Hinshaw SP, Kraemer HC, et al. Which treatment for whom for ADHD? Moderators of treatment response in the MTA. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2003;71:540–552
  28. Patrick KS, DeVane CL, Malcolm RJ, Minhinnett RR, Markowitz JS (2005b), Influence of ethanol and gender on methylphenidate bioavailability, metabolism and response. Abstract presented at the American Association of Clinical Pharmacology Annual Meeting, September 11-12, Rockville, MD
  29. Patrick KS, González MA, Straughn AB, Markowitz JS. New methylphenidate formulations for the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Expert Opin Drug Deliv. 2005;2:121–143
  30. Pentikis H (2005), Sex-based differences in the pharmacokinetics of methylphenidate. Poster presented at the 52nd Meeting of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, October 18-23, Toronto
  31. Polanczyk G, Zeni C, Genro JP, Roman T, Hutz MH, Rohde LA. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: advancing on pharmacogenomics. Pharmacogenomics. 2005;6:225–234
  32. Rivest R, Falardeau P, Dipaolo T. Brain dopamine transporter-gender differences and effect of chronic haloperidol. Brain Res. 1995;692:269–272
  33. Robison LM, Skaer TL, Sclar DA, Galin RS. Is attention deficit hyperactivity disorder increasing among girls in the US? Trends in diagnosis and the prescribing of stimulants. CNS Drugs. 2002;16:129–137
  34. Roth ME, Cosgrove KP, Carroll ME. Sex differences in the vulnerability to drug abuse: a review of preclinical studies. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2004;28:533–546
  35. Schwartz JB. The influence of sex on pharmacokinetics. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2003;42:102–121
  36. Schweitzer JB, Lee DO, Hanford RB, Tagamets AM, Hoffman JM, Grafton ST, et al. A positron emission tomography study of methylphenidate in adults with ADHD: alternations in resting blood flow and predicting treatment response. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2003;28:967–973
  37. Seidman LJ, Biederman J, Monuteaux MC, Valera E, Doyle AE, Faraone SV. Impact of gender and age on executive functioning: do girls and boys with and without attention deficit hyperactivity disorder differ neuropsychologically in preteen and teenage years?. Dev Neuropsychol. 2005;27:79–105
  38. Sonuga-Barke EJS. Causal models of ADHD: from simple single deficits to multiple developmental pathways. Biol Psychiatry. 2005;57:1231–1238
  39. Sonuga-Barke EJS, Swanson J, Coghill D, DeCory H, Hatch SJ. Efficacy of two once-daily methylphenidate formulations compared across dose levels at different times of the day: preliminary indications from a secondary analysis of the COMACS study data. BMC Psychiatry. 2004;4:28
  40. Swanson JM. School-Based Assessments for ADD Students. Irvine, CA: K.C. Publishing; 1992;
  41. Swanson JM, Wigal SB, Wigal T, et al., COMACS Study Group  A comparison of once-daily extended-release methylphenidate formulations in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in the laboratory school (the COMACS study). Pediatrics. 2004;113:E206–E216
  42. Vitiello B, Heiligenstein JH, Riddle MA, Greenhill LL, Fegert JM. The interface between publicly funded and industry-funded research in pediatric psychopharmacology: opportunities for integration and collaboration. Biological Psychiatry. 2004;56:3–9
  43. Volkow ND, Wang GJ, Fowler JS, et al. Therapeutic doses of oral methylphenidate significantly increase extracellular dopamine in the human brain. J Neurosci. 2001;21:U1–U5
  44. Volkow ND, Wang GJ, Fowler JS, et al. Evidence that methylphenidate enhances the saliency of a mathematical task by increasing dopamine in the human brain. Am J Psychiatry. 2004;161:1173–1180
  45. White TL, Justice AJH, de Wit H. Differential subjective effects of D-amphetamine by gender, hormone levels and menstrual cycle phase. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 2002;73:729–741

 This study was funded by Celltech Pharmaceuticals, Inc., now UCB Pharma.Disclosure: Dr. Sonuga-Barke and Mr. Coghill are consultants to or have received support from Celltech/UCB, Janssen Cilag, Shire, and Eli Lilly. Mr. Coghill has also received support from Cephalon. Dr. Swanson is a consultant to Celltech/UCB, McNeil, and Eli Lilly and has also received research support from and acted as a consultant to Cephalon, Shire, and Novartis. Mr. Hatch is a consultant to UCB. Dr. Vandenberghe is an employee of UCB. Dr. Markowitz has received support from Novartis Pharmaceuticals and Eli Lilly.

PII: S0890-8567(09)62149-3

doi: 10.1097/chi.0b013e31804659f1

Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry
Volume 46, Issue 6 , Pages 701-710 , June 2007

Article Tools

* Image Usage & Resolution