Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry
Volume 47, Issue 2 , Pages 180-188 , February 2008

Clonidine for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: I. Efficacy and Tolerability Outcomes

,Accepted 7 September 2007.

REFERENCES 

  1. Connor DF , Fletcher KE , Swanson JM . A meta-analysis of clonidine for symptoms of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder . J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry . 1999;38:1551–1559
  2. Hazell PI , Stewart JE . A randomized controlled trial of clonidine added to psychostimulant medication for hyperactive and aggressive children . J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry . 2003;42:886–894
  3. Tourette's Syndrome Study Group  . Treatment of ADHD in children with tics: a randomized controlled trial . Neurology . 2002;58:527–536
  4. Cantwell DP , Swanson J , Connor DF . Case study: adverse response to clonidine . J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry . 1997;36:539–544
  5. American Psychiatric Association  . DSM-IV . Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association; 1994;
  6. Fisher PW , Shaffer D , Piacentini JC . Sensitivity of the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children, 2nd edition (DISC-2.1) for specific diagnoses of children and adolescents . J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry . 1993;32:666–673
  7. Pelham WE , Gnagy EM , Greenslade KE , et al.   Teacher ratings of DSM-III-R symptoms of the disruptive behavior disorders . J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry . 1992;31:210–218
  8. Pelham WE , Milich R , Murphy DA , et al.   Normative data on the Iowa Conners Teacher Rating Scale . J Clin Child Psychol . 1989;18:259–262
  9. Shaffer D , Gould MS , Brasic J . A Children's Global Assessment Scale (CGAS) . Arch Gen Psychiatry . 1983;40:1228–1231
  10. Atkins MS , Pelham WE . A comparison of objective classroom measures and teacher ratings of attention deficit disorder . J Abnorm Child Psychol . 1985;3:155–167
  11. Tanner JM . Growth in Adolescence . 2nd ed. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific; 1962;
  12. Wechsler D . Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, Third Edition . San Antonio, TX: Psychological Corporation; 1991;
  13. Goyette CH , Conners CK , Ulrich RF . Normative data on Revised Conners Parent and Teacher Rating Scales . J Abnorm Child Psychol . 1978;6:221–236
  14. Conners CK . Conners' Continuous Performance Test . Toronto: Multi-Health Systems; 1995;
  15. Wechsler D . Wechsler Individual Achievement Test-Second Edition (WIAT-II) . San Antonio, TX: Psychological Corporation; 2004;
  16. Pelham WE . Pharmacotherapy for children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder . School Psychol Rev . 1993;22:199–227
  17. MTA Cooperative Group  . A 14-month randomized clinical trial of treatment strategies for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder . Arch Gen Psychiatry . 1999;56:1073–1086
  18. Conners CK , Barkley RA . Rating scales and checklists for psychopharmacologic trials . Psychopharmacol Bull . 1985;21:809–854
  19. Gadow KG , Nolan EE , Sverd J . Methylphenidate in hyperactive boys with comorbid tic disorder: I. Short-term behavioral effects in school settings . J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry . 1992;31:462–471
  20. Leckman JF , Hardin MT , Riddle MA , et al.   Clonidine treatment of Gilles de la Tourette syndrome . Arch Gen Psychiatry . 1991;48:324–328
  21. Singer HS , Brown J , Quaskey S , et al.   The treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in Tourette syndrome: a double-blind placebo-controlled study with clonidine and desipramine . Pediatrics . 1995;95:74–81
  22. Daviss WB , Patel NC . Robb AS, et al. Clonidine for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: II. ECG changes and adverse events analysis . J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry . 2008;47:189–198
  23. Chappell PB , Riddle MA , Scahill L , et al.   Guanfacine treatment of comorbid attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in Tourette's syndrome: preliminary clinical experience . J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry . 1995;34:1140–1146
  24. Hunt RD , Arnsten AFT , Asbel MD . An open trial of guanfacine in the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder . J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry . 1995;34:50–54
  25. Scahill L , Chappell PB , Kim YS , et al.   A placebo-controlled study of guanfacine in the treatment of children with tic disorders and ADHD . Am J Psychiatry . 2001;158:1067–1074

 Editorship of Mina K. Dulcan, M.D.Members of the CAT Study Team are listed at the end of the article.This project was supported by NINDS grant 5R01 NS039087 (Dr. Sallee). Additional NIH support came from K23 MH065375 (Dr. Daviss) and K24 AA000301 (Dr. Bukstein).Clinical trial registration information-URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT00031395.Disclosure: Dr. Palumbo is on the ADHD Advisory Board and the speakers' bureau of McNeil Consumer and Specialty Pharmaceuticals; is a scientific consultant to and principal investigator for Pfizer; is a site investigator for Shire, Noven, Eli Lilly, Organon, and Cephalon; and has received educational grant support from Novartis, McNeil, and Celltech/UCB. Dr. Sallee is a consultant to Shire and Otsuka. Dr. Bukstein is on the speakers' bureaus of McNeil Consumer and Specialty Pharmaceuticals, Shire, and Novartis; is a consultant to Shire, Cephalon, and Forest Research Institute; and receives funding support from Shire, Eli Lilly, and Sanofi Aventis. Dr. Daviss is on the speakers' bureau of Shire Pharmaceuticals. The other authors report no conflicts of interest.

PII: S0890-8567(09)62289-9

doi: 10.1097/chi.0b013e31815d9af7

Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry
Volume 47, Issue 2 , Pages 180-188 , February 2008