Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry
Volume 47, Issue 4 , Pages 426-434 , April 2008

New Insights Into the Comorbidity Between ADHD and Major Depression in Adolescent and Young Adult Females

,Accepted 17 October 2007.

REFERENCES 

  1. Anderson JC, Williams S, McGee R, Silva PA. DSM-III disorders in preadolescent children: prevalence in a large sample from the general population. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1987;44:69–76
  2. Bird HR, Canino G, Rubio-Stipec M, et al. Estimates of the prevalence of childhood maladjustment in a community survey in Puerto Rico: the use of combined measures. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1988;45:1120–1126
  3. Biederman J, Newcorn J, Sprich S. Comorbidity of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder with conduct, depressive, anxiety, and other disorders. Am J Psychiatry. 1991;148:564–577
  4. Jensen JB, Burke N, Garfinkel BD. Depression and symptoms of attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 1988;27:742–747
  5. Munir K, Biederman J, Knee D. Psychiatric comorbidity in patients with attention deficit disorder: a controlled study. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 1987;26:844–848
  6. Woolston JL, Rosenthal SL, Riddle MA, Sparrow SS, Cicchetti D, Zimmerman LD. Childhood comorbidity of anxiety/affective disorders and behavior disorders. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 1989;28:707–713
  7. Angold A, Costello J, Erkanli A. Comorbidity. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 1999;40:57–87
  8. Faraone SV, Biederman J. Do attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and major depression share familial risk factors?. J Nerv Ment Dis. 1997;185:533–541
  9. Biederman J, Faraone S, Mick E, Lelon E. Psychiatric comorbidity among referred juveniles with major depression: fact or artifact?. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 1995;34:579–590
  10. Biederman J, Faraone S, Kiely K. Comorbidity in outcome of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. In:  Hechtman L editors. Do They Grow Out of It? Long Term Outcome of Childhood Disorders. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press; 1996;p. 39–76
  11. Kovacs M, Feinberg TL, Crouse-Novak M, Paulauskas SL, Finkelstein R. Depressive disorders in childhood: I. A longitudinal prospective study of characteristics and recovery. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1984;41:229–237
  12. Biederman J, Faraone S, Milberger S, et al. A prospective 4-year follow-up study of attention-deficit hyperactivity and related disorders. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1996;53:437–446
  13. Biederman J, Faraone SV, Mick E, et al. Clinical correlates of ADHD in females: findings from a large group of girls ascertained from pediatric and psychiatric referral sources. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 1999;38:966–975
  14. Biederman J, Monuteaux M, Mick E, et al. Psychopathology in females with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a controlled, five-year prospective study. Biol Psychiatry. 2006;60:1098–1105
  15. Mick E, Biederman J, Santangelo S, Wypij D. The influence of gender on the familial association between ADHD and major depression. J Nerv Ment Dis. 2003;191:699–705
  16. Biederman J, Faraone SV, Keenan K, et al. Further evidence for family-genetic risk factors in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Patterns of comorbidity in probands and relatives in psychiatrically and pediatrically referred samples. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1992;49:728–738
  17. Busch B, Biederman J, Cohen L, et al. Similar correlates of ADHD in children from pediatric and psychiatric clinics. Psychiatr Serv. 2002;53:1103–1111
  18. Rothman KJ, Greenland S. Modern Epidemiology. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott-Raven; 1998;
  19. Orvaschel H. Schedule for Affective Disorder and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children Epidemiologic Version. 5th ed. Ft. Lauderdale: Nova Southeastern University, Center for Psychological Studies; 1994;
  20. Spitzer RL, Williams JB, Gibbon M, First MB. Structured Clinical Interview for <normal>DSM-III-R</normal>: Non-Patient Edition (SCID-NP, Version 1.0). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press; 1990;
  21. Gershon ES, Hamovit J, Guroff JJ, et al. A family study of schizoaffective, bipolar I, bipolar II, unipolar, and normal control probands. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1982;39:1157–1167
  22. Weissman MM, Leckman JF, Merikangas KR, Gammon GD, Prusoff BA. Depression and anxiety disorders in parents and children: results from the Yale Family Study. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1984;41:845–852
  23. Mennin D, Biederman J, Mick E, Faraone SV. Towards defining a meaningful anxiety phenotype for research in ADHD children. J Atten Disord. 2000;3:192–199
  24. John K, Gammon GD, Prusoff BA, Warner V. The Social Adjustment Inventory for Children and Adolescents (SAICA): testing of a new semistructured interview. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 1987;26:898–911
  25. Wechsler D. Manual for the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Third Edition. San Antonio, TX: The Psychological Corporation, Harcourt Brace Jovanovich; 1991;
  26. Jastak JF, Jastak S. The Wide Range Achievement Test-Revised. Wilmington, DE: Jastak Associates; 1985;
  27. Hollingshead AB. Four Factor Index of Social Status. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press; 1975;
  28. Moos R. Family Environment Scale. In:  Mitchell JV editors. The Ninth Mental Health Measurements Yearbook. Vol. 1. Lincoln, NE: Buros Institute of Mental Measurements, University of Nebraska; 1985;p. 573–575
  29. Moos RH, Moos BS. Manual for the Family Environment Scale. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press; 1974;
  30. Biederman J, Milberger S, Faraone SV, et al. Family-environment risk factors for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a test of Rutter’s indicators of adversity. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1995;52:464–470
  31. Angold A, Costello EJ. Depressive comorbidity in children and adolescents: empirical, theoretical and methodological issues. Am J Psychiatry. 1993;150:1779–1791
  32. Biederman J, Faraone SV, Monuteaux MC, et al. Gender effects of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in adults, revisited. Biol Psychiatry. 2004;55:692–700
  33. Kessler RC, Adler L, Barkley R, et al. The prevalence and correlates of adult ADHD in the United States: results from the national comorbidity survey replication. Am J Psychiatry. 2006;163:716–723
  34. Biederman J, Faraone SV, Wozniak J, et al. Clinical correlates of bipolar disorder in a large, referred sample of children and adolescents. J Psychiatr Res. 2005;39:611–622
  35. Sachs GS, Baldassano CF, Truman CJ, Guille C. Comorbidity of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder with early- and late-onset bipolar disorder. Am J Psychiatry. 2000;157:466–468
  36. Faraone SV, Biederman J, Mick E, et al. Family study of girls with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Am J Psychiatry. 2000;157:1077–1083
  37. Biederman J, Faraone SV, Wozniak J, Monuteaux MC. Parsing the association between bipolar, conduct, and substance use disorders: a familial risk analysis. Biol Psychiatry. 2000;48:1037–1044
  38. Biederman J, Mick E, Wozniak J, Monuteaux M, Galdo M, Faraone S. Can a subtype of conduct disorder linked to bipolar disorder be identified? Integration of findings from the Massachusetts General Hospital Pediatric Psychopharmacology Research Program. Biol Psychiatry. 2003;53:952–960
  39. Weissman MM, Wolk S, Wickramarante P, et al. Children with prepubertal-onset major depressive disorder and anxiety grown up. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1999;56:794–801
  40. Weissman MM, Wolk S, Goldstein RB, et al. Depressed adolescents grown up. JAMA. 1999;281:1707–1713
  41. Costello EJ, Mustillo S, Erkanli A, Keeler G, Angold A. Prevalence and development of psychiatric disorders in childhood and adolescence. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2003;60:837–844
  42. Barkley RA. Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder: A Handbook for Diagnosis and Treatment. 3rd ed. New York: Guilford; 2006;
  43. In:  Brown TE editors. Attention-Deficit Disorders and Comorbidities in Children, Adolescents, and Adults. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press; 2000;
  44. Braaten E, Biederman J, DiMauro A, et al. Methodological complexities in the diagnosis of major depression in youth: an analysis of mother and youth self reports. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol. 2001;11:395–407

 This article was reviewed under and accepted by F. Xavier Castellanos, M.D., ad hoc Action Editor.This work was supported in part by a grant from USPHS (National Institute of Child Health and Human Development) 5R01 HD-36317-07 (J.B.), grant 1-R03-MH079954-01 from the National Institute of Mental Health (J.B.), and a grant from the Lilly Foundation (J.B.).This article is the subject of an editorial by Dr. Stephen P. Hinshaw in this issue.Disclosure: Dr. Biederman receives research support from, has been a speaker for, or is on the advisory boards of Shire, Eli Lilly, Pfizer, McNeil, Abbott, Bristol-Myers Squibb, New River Pharmaceuticals, Cephalon, Janssen, Novartis, UCB Pharma, AstraZeneca, Forest Laboratories, GlaxoSmithKline, Stanley Medical Institute, Lilly Foundation, Prechter Foundation, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institute of Drug Abuse, and Neurosearch. Dr. Mick receives grant support from McNeil Pediatrics and Janssen Pharmaceuticals. Dr. Spencer receives research support from, is a speaker for, or is on the advisory boards of Shire Laboratories, Eli Lilly, GlaxoSmithKline, Pfizer, McNeil Pharmaceutical, Novartis, National Institute of Mental Health, and Wyeth-Ayerst. Dr. Faraone receives research support from, is a speaker for, or is on the advisory boards of Eli Lilly, McNeil Consumer & Specialty Pharmaceuticals, Shire, Noven Pharmaceuticals, Cephalon, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. The other authors report no conflicts of interest.

PII: S0890-8567(09)62398-4

doi: 10.1097/CHI.0b013e31816429d3

Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry
Volume 47, Issue 4 , Pages 426-434 , April 2008

Article Tools

* Image Usage & Resolution