Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry
Volume 49, Issue 9 , Pages 934-943 , September 2010

Reduced Sleep Spindle Activity in Early-Onset and Elevated Risk for Depression

  • Jorge Lopez, Ph.D.

      Affiliations

    • Corresponding Author InformationCorrespondence to: Dr. Jorge Lopez, Sleep and Chronophysiology Laboratory, University of Michigan, Department of Psychiatry, 4250 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
    • ,
  • Robert Hoffmann, Ph.D.
    • ,
  • Roseanne Armitage, Ph.D.

,Accepted 25 May 2010.

References 

  1. Zisook S, Rush AJ, Albala A, et al. Factors that differentiate early vs. later onset of major depression disorder. Psychiatry Res. 2004;129:127–140
  2. Kovacs M, Feinberg TL, Crouse-Novak MA, Paulauskas SL, Finkelstein R. Depressive disorders in childhood (I. A longitudinal prospective study of characteristics and recovery). Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1984;41:229–237
  3. Rao U, Ryan ND, Birmaher B, et al. Unipolar depression in adolescents: Clinical outcome in adulthood. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 1995;34:566–578
  4. Rao U, Weissman MM, Martin JA, Hammond RW. Childhood depression and risk of suicide: A preliminary report of a longitudinal study. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 1993;32:21–27
  5. Weissman MM, Bland RC, Canino GJ, et al. Prevalence of suicide ideation and suicide attempts in nine countries. Psychol Med. 1999;29:9–17
  6. Birmaher B, Ryan ND, Williamson DE, Brent DA, Kaufman J. Childhood and adolescent depression: A review of the past 10 years (Part II). J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 1996;35:1575–1583
  7. Kaufman J, Martin A, King RA, Charney D. Are child-, adolescent-, and adult-onset depression one and the same disorder?. Biol Psychiatry. 2001;49:980–1001
  8. Hankin BL, Abramson LY, Moffitt TE, Silva PA, McGee R, Angell KE. Development of depression from preadolescence to young adulthood: Emerging gender differences in a 10-year longitudinal study. J Abnorm Psychol. 1998;107:128–140
  9. Hankin BL, Abramson LY. Development of gender differences in depression: Description and possible explanations. Ann Med. 1999;31:372–379
  10. Williamson DE, Birmaher B, Axelson DA, Ryan ND, Dahl RE. First episode of depression in children at low and high familial risk for depression. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2004;43:291–297
  11. Kovacs M, Devlin B, Pollock M, Richards C, Mukerji P. A controlled family history study of childhood-onset depressive disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1997;54:613–623
  12. Todd RD, Neuman R, Geller B, Fox LW, Hickok J. Genetic studies of affective disorders: Should we be starting with childhood onset probands?. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 1993;32:1164–1171
  13. Armitage R. Sleep and circadian rhythms in mood disorders. Acta Psychiatr Scand Suppl. 2007;433:104–115
  14. Dahl RE, Ryan ND, Birmaher B, et al. Electroencephalographic sleep measures in prepubertal depression. Psychiatry Res. 1991;38:201–214
  15. Armitage R, Hoffmann RF. Sleep EEG, depression and gender. Sleep Med Rev. 2001;5:237–246
  16. Robert JJ, Hoffmann RF, Emslie GJ, et al. Sex and age differences in sleep macroarchitecture in childhood and adolescent depression. J Electrocardiol. 2006;29:351–358
  17. Ivanenko A, Crabtree VM, Gozal D. Sleep and depression in children and adolescents. Sleep Med Rev. 2005;9:115–129
  18. Rao U, Hammen CL, Poland RE. Risk markers for depression in adolescents: Sleep and HPA measures. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2009;34:1936–1945
  19. Fulton MK, Armitage R, Rush AJ. Sleep electroencephalographic coherence abnormalities in individuals at high risk for depression: A pilot study. Biol Psychiatry. 2000;47:618–625
  20. Armitage R. Microarchitectural findings in sleep EEG in depression: Diagnostic implications. Biol Psychiatry. 1995;37:72–84
  21. Campbell IG, Feinberg I. Longitudinal trajectories of non-rapid eye movement delta and theta EEG as indicators of adolescent brain maturation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2009;106:5177–5180
  22. Feinberg I, Campbell IG. Sleep EEG changes during adolescence: An index of a fundamental brain reorganization. Brain Cogn. 2009;72:56–65
  23. Scholle S, Zwacka G, Scholle HC. Sleep spindle evolution from infancy to adolescence. Clin Neurophysiol. 2007;118:1525–1531
  24. Roffwarg HP, Muzio JN, Dement WC. Ontogenetic development of the human sleep-dream cycle. Science. 1966;152:604–619
  25. Loomis AL, Harvey EN, Hobart G. Potential rhythms of the cerebral cortex during sleep. Science. 1935;81:597–598
  26. Steriade M. Impact of network activities on neuronal properties in corticothalamic systems. J Neurophysiol. 2001;86:1–39
  27. Hirsch JC, Fourment A, Marc ME. Sleep-related variations of membrane potential in the lateral geniculate body relay neurons of the cat. Brain Res. 1983;259:308–312
  28. Siapas AG, Wilson MA. Coordinated interactions between hippocampal ripples and cortical spindles during slow-wave sleep. Neuron. 1998;21:1123–1128
  29. Clemens Z, Molle M, Eross L, Barsi P, Halasz P, Born J. Temporal coupling of parahippocampal ripples, sleep spindles and slow oscillations in humans. Brain. 2007;130:2868–2878
  30. Rosanova M, Ulrich D. Pattern-specific associative long-term potentiation induced by a sleep spindle-related spike train. J Neurosci. 2005;25:9398–9405
  31. Shibagaki M, Kiyono S, Watanabe K. Spindle evolution in normal and mentally retarded children: A review. J Electrocardiol. 1982;5:47–57
  32. Huupponen E, Himanen SL, Varri A, Hasan J, Lehtokangas M, Saarinen J. A study on gender and age differences in sleep spindles. Neuropsychobiology. 2002;45:99–105
  33. de Maertelaer V, Hoffman G, Lemaire M, Mendlewicz J. Sleep spindle activity changes in patients with affective disorders. J Electrocardiol. 1987;10:443–451
  34. Goetz RR, Goetz DM, Hanlon C, Davies M, Weitzman ED, Puig-Antich J. Spindle characteristics in prepubertal major depressives during an episode and after sustained recovery: A controlled study. J Electrocardiol. 1983;6:369–375
  35. Reynolds CF, Kupfer DJ, Taska LS, et al. EEG sleep in elderly depressed, demented, and healthy subjects. Biol Psychiatry. 1985;20:431–442
  36. Ferrarelli F, Huber R, Peterson MJ, et al. Reduced sleep spindle activity in schizophrenia patients. Am J Psychiatry. 2007;164:483–492
  37. Himanen SL, Virkkala J, Huupponen E, Niemi J, Hasan J. Occurrence of periodic sleep spindles within and across non-REM sleep episodes. Neuropsychobiology. 2003;48:209–216
  38. Kaufman J, Birmaher B, Brent D, et al. Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children-Present and Lifetime Version (K-SADS-PL): Initial reliability and validity data. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 1997;36:980–988
  39. Poznanski EO, Freeman LN, Mokros HB. Children's Depression Rating Scale–Revised (September 1984). Psychopharmacol Bull. 1985;21:979–989
  40. Armitage R, Emslie GJ, Hoffmann RF, et al. Ultradian rhythms and temporal coherence in sleep EEG in depressed children and adolescents. Biol Psychiatry. 2000;47:338–350
  41. Emslie GJ, Armitage R, Weinberg WA, Rush AJ, Mayes TL, Hoffmann RF. Sleep polysomnography as a predictor of recurrence in children and adolescents with major depressive disorder. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol. 2001;4:159–168
  42. Shaffer D, Gould MS, Brasic J, et al. A children's global assessment scale (CGAS). Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1983;40:1228–1231
  43. Mrazek DA, Mrazek P, Klinnert M. Clinical assessment of parenting. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 1995;34:272–282
  44. Tanner JM. Growth at Adolescence. 2nd ed.. Springfield: Charles C Thomas; 1962;
  45. Rechtschaffen A, Kales A. A Manual of Standarized Terminology, Techniques and Scoring Systems for Sleep Stages of Human Subjects (National Institute of Healthy Publication No. 204). Washington, DC: US Goverment Printing Office; 1968;
  46. Cohen-Cory S. The developing synapse: Construction and modulation of synaptic structures and circuits. Science. 2002;298:770–776
  47. Earls F. Sex differences in psychiatric disorders: Origins and developmental influences. Psychiatr Dev. 1987;5:1–23
  48. Breslau N, Chilcoat H, Schultz LR. Anxiety disorders and the emergence of sex differences in major depression. J Gend Specif Med. 1998;1:33–39
  49. Halbreich U, Lumley LA. The multiple interactional biological processes that might lead to depression and gender differences in its appearance. J Affect Disord. 1993;29:159–173
  50. Parry BL, Haynes P. Mood disorders and the reproductive cycle. J Gend Specif Med. 2000;3:53–58
  51. Majewska MD. Neurosteroids: Endogenous bimodal modulators of the GABAA receptor (Mechanism of action and physiological significance). Prog Neurobiol. 1992;38:379–395
  52. Driver HS, Dijk DJ, Werth E, Biedermann K, Borbely AA. Sleep and the sleep electroencephalogram across the menstrual cycle in young healthy women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1996;81:728–735
  53. Manber R, Armitage R. Sex, steroids, and sleep: A review. J Electrocardiol. 1999;22:540–555
  54. Halbreich U, Kahn LS. Role of estrogen in the aetiology and treatment of mood disorders. CNS Drugs. 2001;15:797–817
  55. Bazhenov M, Timofeev I, Steriade M, Sejnowski T. Spiking-bursting activity in the thalamic reticular nucleus initiates sequences of spindle oscillations in thalamic networks. J Neurophysiol. 2000;84:1076–1087
  56. Contreras D, Steriade M. Spindle oscillation in cats: The role of corticothalamic feedback in a thalamically generated rhythm. J Physiol. 1996;490:159–179
  57. Peters KR, Ray L, Smith V, Smith C. Changes in the density of stage 2 sleep spindles following motor learning in young and older adults. J Sleep Res. 2008;17:23–33

 This research was supported under (R01-MH077744 (R.A.), (R01-MH056953 (R.A.), (UL1RR024986 (J.L.), and the Cohen Family Fund (R.A.).

 Disclosure: Drs. Lopez, Hoffman, and Armitage report no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest.

PII: S0890-8567(10)00424-7

doi: 10.1016/j.jaac.2010.05.014

Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry
Volume 49, Issue 9 , Pages 934-943 , September 2010

Article Tools

* Image Usage & Resolution